I was wondering for last two days to compile and run my java servlet programs on Fedora. But I couldn't find any useful information on internet. After much research and trial and errors I finally got to run servlets on Fedora. And this is how I did this, I think this might be useful for another novice like me. I have used the backward approach for this tutorial. It means problems first and then the solutions. Of course I could have used the straight approach like do this this and this and you are done. But I think that wont be much useful as you wouldn't know what thing is needed for what.
1. First thing first, before running servlets you need to compile them. And for that you need Sun Java SDK installed on your system. I'm assuming that you have it already on your system. If not you can go through this blog to find how to install it in Fedora.
http://mann-linuxproject.blogspot.com/2007/07/finally-jdk-is-installed.html
2. For compiling and running you also need tomcat installed on your system. You can choose Tomcat alone or with Apache. I preferred the second one. Install Apache by the command
yum install httpd
and install Tomcat on Fedora by the command
yum install tomcat5 tomcat5-webapps tomcat5-admin-webapps
here tomcat5 is the latest version for fedora.
3. Here is one sample program that I copied and pasted from a tutorial site. We'll use this sample program for our part of tutorial.
import java.io.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class DemoServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
}
Type the program in a text editor and save the file as DemoServlet.java.
So like every java program, we'll use javac to compile the program.
javac DemoServlet.java
Even if you didn't did any typing mistakes, you are more likely to get the errors
DemoServlet.java:4: package javax.servlet does not exist
import javax.servlet.*;
^
DemoServlet.java:5: package javax.servlet.http does not exist
import javax.servlet.http.*;
^
If this is the case it means that our CLASSPATH environment is not set. Workaround for this problem is to
append the line
export CLASSPATH=/usr/share/java/servletapi5.jar
to your .bash_profile or .bashrc file. These files will be in your home directory and will be hidden.
Or one can alternatively type the above command each time he logins to compile servlet programs.
After adding the line you have to do a logout and login to reset the environment variables. Now again compile the program. Now it should not give the above errors and if you have typed the program correctly it'll compile successfully.
4. So we have compiled the program now how to run it. We can't just type java DemoSevlet to run the program here. Now we need Tomcat. login as root and make a directory in the tomcat web-application directory by the command
mkdir /var/lib/tomcat5/webapps/test
In this directory make another directory WEB-INF
mkdir /var/lib/tomcat5/webapps/test/WEB-INF
Inside this directory make directory classes
mkdir /var/lib/tomcat5/webapps/test/WEB-INF/classes
Inside classes directory we'll keep our servlet source and corresponding compiled class files. So copy the DemoServlet.java and DemoServlet.class files to this directory.
cp /path/to/DemoServlet.java /var/lib/tomcat5/webapps/test/WEB-INF/classes/
cp /path/to/DemoServlet.class /var/lib/tomcat5/webapps/test/WEB-INF/classes/
Replace /path/to with your own paths to DemoServlet.java and DemoServlet.class
Now in WEB-INF directory we'll create web.xml file which will give information about our servlets to Tomcat server.
While you are still logged as root go to the directory
cd /var/lib/tomcat5/webapps/test/WEB-INF/
Create the file web.xml using gedit
gedit web.xml
Now you should enter the following contents in the file and then save and quit.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
version="2.4">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>DemoServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DemoServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/DemoServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
In the file the tags <servlet-name> and <servlet-class> gives the information about servlet-name and servlet-class and the tag <url-pattern> tells about the URL pattern to run the servlet.
5. Start the Apache server by command
service httpd start
Now test Apache Server by typing address http://localhost/ in your browser.
Start the Tomcat server
service tomcat5 start
Test Tomcat server by typing address http://localhost:8080/ in your browser
Run your servlet by typing address http://localhost:8080/test/servlet/DemoServlet in your browser.
9 comments:
good link for novice user
thanks
thanks ...
it was of great help...
thanks once again....
that was some interesting piece of information.. I did manage to get servlets running...
thanks a lot, really helped me out :-)
hey thanks a lot....was a very useful information
Thanks a million...
Thanks a lot for each of the baby steps.
Thanks a lot buddy...
Exactly what I needed to understand where to start in practical terms, and what has to be learnt :)
Thank you!
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